Load Balancing in Cloud Computing using Observers Algorithm with Dynamic Weight Table

Cloud computing is emerging technology which is a new standard of large scale distributed computing and parallel computing. It provides shared resources, information, software packages and other resources as per client requirements at specific time. As cloud computing is growing rapidly and more users are attracted towards utility computing, better and fast service needs to be provided. For better management of available good load balancing techniques are required. So load balancing in cloud becoming more interested area of research. And through better load balancing in cloud, performance is increased and user gets better services. Here in this paper we have discussed many different load balancing techniques used to solve the issue in cloud computing environment

Congruence subgroups and crystallographic quotients of small Coxeter groups

Small Coxeter groups are precisely the ones for which the Tits representation is integral, which makes the study of their congruence subgroups relevant. The symmetric group $S_n$ has three natural extensions, namely, the braid group $B_n$, the twin group $T_n$ and the triplet group $L_n$. The latter two groups are small Coxeter groups, and play the role of braid groups under the Alexander-Markov correspondence for appropriate knot theories, with their pure subgroups admitting suitable hyperplane arrangements as Eilenberg-MacLane spaces. In this paper, we prove that the congruence subgroup property fails for infinite small Coxeter groups which are not virtually abelian. As an application, we deduce that the congruence subgroup property fails for both $T_n$ and $L_n$ when $n \ge 4$. We also determine subquotients of principal congruence subgroups of $T_n$, and identify the pure twin group $PT_n$ and the pure triplet group $PL_n$ with suitable principal congruence subgroups. Further, we investigate crystallographic quotients of these two families of small Coxeter groups, and prove that $T_n /PT_n^{'}$, $T_n/T_n^{''}$ and $L_n /PL_n^{'}$ are crystallographic groups. We also determine crystallographic dimensions of these groups and identify the holonomy representation of $T_n/T_n^{''}$.Comment: 25 pages, to appear in Forum Mathematicu

Fish Karyome: A karyological information network database of Indian Fishes

‘Fish Karyome’, a database on karyological information of Indian fishes have been developed that serves as central source for karyotype data about Indian fishes compiled from the published literature. Fish Karyome has been intended to serve as a liaison tool for the researchers and contains karyological information about 171 out of 2438 finfish species reported in India and is publically available via World Wide Web. The database provides information on chromosome number, morphology, sex chromosomes, karyotype formula and cytogenetic markers etc. Additionally, it also provides the phenotypic information that includes species name, its classification, and locality of sample collection, common name, local name, sex, geographical distribution, and IUCN Red list status. Besides, fish and karyotype images, references for 171 finfish species have been included in the database. Fish Karyome has been developed using SQL Server 2008, a relational database management system, Microsoft's ASP.NET-2008 and Macromedia's FLASH Technology under Windows 7 operating environment. The system also enables users to input new information and images into the database, search and view the information and images of interest using various search options. Fish Karyome has wide range of applications in species characterization and identification, sex determination, chromosomal mapping, karyo-evolution and systematics of fishes

Performance of different weed management treatments on heat use efficiency of chickpea crop (Cicer arietinum) under rainfed conditions of Jammu

An experiment was undertaken during rabi 2008-09 and 2009-10 at Agronomy Research Farm, PRSS, Samba, SKUAST-J to find out the heat use efficiency of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) crop with different weed control treatments, viz. T1: weedy check; T2: Hand-weeding (HW) at 25-30 and 50-55 DAS; T3: Quizalofop-ethyl 40 g/ha at 20 DAS; T4: Quizalofop-ethyl 40 g/ha at 30 DAS; T5: Quizalofop-ethyl 50 g/ha at 20 DAS; T6: Quizalofop-ethyl 50 g/ha at 30 DAS; T7: Imazethapyr 25 g/ha at 20 DAS; T8: Imazethapyr 25 g/ha at 30 DAS; T9: Imazethapyr 40 g/ha at 20 DAS; T10: Imazethapyr 40 g/ha at 30 DAS; T11: Chlorimuron ethyl 4 g/ha at 20 DAS and T12: Chlorimuron ethyl 4 g/ha at 30 DAS evaluated in randomized block design with three replications under rainfed situations. Chickpea is a thermo-sensitive winter season crop. Heat use efficiency was computed at one month interval after sowing. The results revealed that heat use efficiency was found maximum at 90 DAS in chickpea crop. The heat use efficiency was found highest under hand-weeding at 25-30 and 50-50 DAS, however, the lowest values were found when herbicide Chlorimuron was used @ 4 g/ha at 30 DAS. The dry matter and seed yield are significantly differed among different weed control treatments. The heat use efficiency was found linearly (R2 = 0.70) related with dry matter accumulation at different days after sowing. The grain yield and biological yield heat use efficiency was found 0.33 and 0.90 kg/ha °C/day, respectively. The dry matter was found to be directly related to seed yield of chickpea crop with R2 = 0.98

FBIS: A regional DNA barcode archival & analysis system for Indian fishes

DNA barcode is a new tool for taxon recognition and classification of biological organisms based on sequence of a fragment of mitochondrial gene, cytochrome c oxidase I (COI). In view of the growing importance of the fish DNA barcoding for species identification, molecular taxonomy and fish diversity conservation, we developed a Fish Barcode Information System (FBIS) for Indian fishes, which will serve as a regional DNA barcode archival and analysis system. The database presently contains 2334 sequence records of COI gene for 472 aquatic species belonging to 39 orders and 136 families, collected from available published data sources. Additionally, it contains information on phenotype, distribution and IUCN Red List status of fishes. The web version of FBIS was designed using MySQL, Perl and PHP under Linux operating platform to (a) store and manage the acquisition (b) analyze and explore DNA barcode records (c) identify species and estimate genetic divergence. FBIS has also been integrated with appropriate tools for retrieving and viewing information about the database statistics and taxonomy. It is expected that FBIS would be useful as a potent information system in fish molecular taxonomy, phylogeny and genomics

Parenting Adolescence

Adolescence is derived from Latin word “Adolescere” meaning to grow in maturity.[1] World Health Organization (WHO) defines “adolescence” as a period between 10 to 19 years of age.[2] It is a period in which a person is no longer a child and not yet an adult. It is a phase of growth and development from childhood to adulthood and onset of puberty to reproductive maturity. There are estimated 1.2 billion (120 crores) adolescents in the world [3] and in India these constitute nearly 21.4% of population i.e. 243 millions.[4]Adolescence is life’s fascinating and perhaps one of the most complex stages of life. It is the time when young people take on responsibilities and experiences experiments with independence. During adolescence there is a rapid physical growth and development of physical, mental, social, psychological and sexual aspects. In addition to these changes some behavioral changes also occur like independency, intimacy, identity, intellect, peer group dependence. The process of rapid and multifaceted changes makes them vulnerable to many problems. About 40% of global burden of diseases falls on them.[3] For majority of the problems of adolescents the root cause is the lack of proper guidance and support by parents; providing which is a challenge

REJUVENATING LIBRARIES FROM THE CLOUD: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF CLOUD COMPUTING

Cloud computing is a service through which we access in a remote application server and consume computing services through the internet. This modification of cloud computing has been quite popular since the last decade in enabling computing. Cloud computing plays a key role in the development of Modern Library. Modern libraries are being rejuvenated rapidly through cloud computing. The Bibliometric study of the publication on cloud computing has been done in the research paper presented. Web of Science Core collection database has been used for data collection. Total 11776 articles were retrieved on Cloud Computing through Web of Science database. The retrieved data were inputted in MS Excel sheet and various tables have been made for analysis of data. R. Buyya is top author with 138 articles followed by J. Lee with 114. In 2018, there were 2667 papers published on computing cloud followed by 2247 in year 2017.As per country wide, Chine is on top followed by USA. The India is on third position with 997 research papers. The Top Journal is Future Generation Computer Systems the International Journal of Escience Followed by IEEE Access and Journal of Supercomputing

HaptenDB: a comprehensive database of haptens, carrier proteins and anti-hapten antibodies

The key requirement for successful immunochemical assay is the availability of antibodies with high specificity and desired affinity. Small molecules, when used as haptens, are not immunogenic. However, on conjugating with carrier molecule they elicit antibody response. The production of anti-hapten antibodies of desired specificity largely depends on the hapten design (preserving greatly the chemical structure and spatial conformation of target compound), selection of the appropriate carrier protein and the conjugation method. This manuscript describes a curated database HaptenDB, where information is collected from published literature and web resources. The current version of the database has 2021 entries for 1087 haptens and 25 carrier proteins, where each entry provides comprehensive details about (1) nature of the hapten, (2) 2D and 3D structures of haptens, (3) carrier proteins, (4) coupling method, (5) method of anti-hapten antibody production, (6) assay method (used for characterization) and (7) specificities of antibodies. The current version of HaptenDB covers a wide array of haptens including pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, drugs, vitamins, steroids, hormones, toxins, dyes, explosives, etc. It provides internal and external links to various databases/resources to obtain further information about the nature of haptens, carriers and respective antibodies. For structure similarity comparison of haptens, the database also integrates tools like JME Editor and JMOL for sketching, displaying and manipulating hapten 2D/3D structures online. So the database would be of great help in identifying functional group(s) in smaller molecules using antibodies as well as for the development of immunodiagnostics/therapeutics by providing data and procedures available so far for the generation of specific or cross-reactive antibodies. Availability: HaptenDB is available on http://www.imtech.res.in/raghava/haptendb/ and http://bioinformatics.uams.edu/raghava/haptendb/ (Mirror site)

Differential gene expression analysis in germinating and dormant teliospores of Tilletia indica using RNA seq approach

Karnal bunt of wheat is an important quarantine disease that interrupts India’s wheat trade in the international market. The whole transcriptome of germinating and dormant teliospores of Tilletia indica was performed using the RNA Seq approach to identify germination-related genes. Approximately 63 million reads were generated using the RNA sequencing by the Illumina NextSeq500 platform. The high-quality reads were deposited in NCBI SRA database (accession: PRJNA522347). The unigenes from the pooled teliospores were 16,575 having unigenes length of 28,998,753 bases. The high-quality reads of germinating teliospores mapped on to 21,505 predicted CDSs. 9,680 CDSs were common between dormant and germinating teliospores of T. indica. 11,825 CDSs were found to be in germinating teliospores while only 91 were unique in dormant spores of pathogen. The pathway analysis showed the highest number of pathways was found in germinating spores than dormant spores. The highest numbers of CDSs were found to be associated with translation (431 in number), transport and catabolism (340), signal transduction (326), and carbohydrate metabolism (283). The differential expression analysis (DESeq) of germinating and dormant teliospores showed that 686 CDS were up-regulated and 114 CDS were down-regulated in the germinating teliospores. Significant germination-related genes in the spores were validated using qPCR analysis. Ten genes viz. Ti3931, Ti6828, Ti7098, Ti7462, Ti7522, Ti 9289, Ti 8670, Ti 7959, Ti 7809,and Ti10095 were highly up-regulated in germinated teliospores which may have role in germination of spores.Further, these differentially expressed genes provide insights into the molecular events. This first study of transcriptome will be helpful to devise better management strategies to manage Karnal bunt disease